feat(cmat): Completed Ex61 Part 2

Extend the Ex42 observer pattern with Hint objects so each
observer receives the reason for the update instead of
querying the subject:

- Subject::notify() and Observer::update() now take a
  const Hint& argument.
- Add LightHint and WaitHint carrying the traffic light
  state and WAIT button state, defined in Pelican.h.
- Pole dispatches on hint type using dynamic_cast.
- The Pole constructor sets its initial lights directly
  from the Pelican's current state, since no notification
  is sent at startup. Stopgap until the initial update
  is handled properly.

Co-authored-by: Qwen 3.8 27B <qwen3.8_27b-q3_k_xl@lmstudio.local>

cmat/Ex41/Observer.h

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 class Observer {
   public:
-    // TODO: declare the pure virtual function update()
+      virtual void update() = 0;
 };
 
 #endif

cmat/Ex41/Pelican.cpp

@@ -3,29 +3,25 @@
 #include "PelicanTimer.h"
 #include "Pole.h"
 
-Pelican::Pelican(int x, int y)
-    : pressed(false), RED_TIME(4), YELLOW_TIME(2), GREEN_TIME(3), FLASH_TIME(5), myPole(new Pole(x, y)),
+Pelican::Pelican()
+    : pressed(false), RED_TIME(4), YELLOW_TIME(2), GREEN_TIME(3), FLASH_TIME(5),
       state(GREEN_IDLE) {
     myTimer = new PelicanTimer(*this, &Pelican::timerExpired);
 
-    myPole->setTrafficLights(getState());
-    myPole->setWaitLight(isPressed());
+    notify();
 }
 
-Pelican::~Pelican() { delete myPole; }
+Pelican::~Pelican() { }
 
 void Pelican::press(void) {
     if (state == GREEN_IDLE) {
         state = YELLOW_STATE;
         myTimer->timeoutRequest(YELLOW_TIME);
         pressed = true;
-        myPole->setTrafficLights(getState());
-        myPole->setWaitLight(isPressed());
     } else if (state != RED_STATE) {
         pressed = true;
-        myPole->setTrafficLights(getState());
-        myPole->setWaitLight(isPressed());
     }
+    notify();
 }
 
 void Pelican::timerExpired(void) {
@@ -60,6 +56,5 @@ void Pelican::timerExpired(void) {
         break;
     }
 
-    myPole->setTrafficLights(getState());
-    myPole->setWaitLight(isPressed());
+    notify();
 }

cmat/Ex41/Pelican.h

@@ -7,12 +7,14 @@
 #ifndef PELICAN_H
 #define PELICAN_H
 
+#include "Subject.h"
+
 class PelicanTimer;
 class Pole;
 
-class Pelican {
+class Pelican : public Subject {
   public:
-    Pelican(int x, int y);
+    Pelican();
     ~Pelican();
 
     // call when the WAIT button has been pressed
@@ -39,8 +41,6 @@ class Pelican {
     // indicates whether the WAIT light should be on
     bool pressed;
 
-    Pole *myPole;
-
     // Timer that indicates when the lights should change
     PelicanTimer *myTimer;
 

cmat/Ex41/Pole.cpp

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 #include "Pole.h"
 #include "Screen.h"
 
-Pole::Pole(int x, int y) : waitLight(new Light("WAIT", x + 6, y + 12, Screen::WHITE)) {
+Pole::Pole(int x, int y, Pelican& pelican) : waitLight(new Light("WAIT", x + 6, y + 12, Screen::WHITE)), pelican(pelican) {
     using namespace Screen; // we will discuss namespaces in the course
+    pelican.attach(this);
 
     lights[RED_LIGHT] = new Light("*", x + 11, y + 3, RED);
     lights[RED_MAN] = new Light("*<-=", x + 6, y + 4, RED);
@@ -57,3 +58,8 @@ void Pole::setTrafficLights(Pelican::PelicanState state) {
 }
 
 void Pole::setWaitLight(bool pressed) { waitLight->set(pressed ? Light::ON : Light::OFF); }
+
+void Pole::update() {
+    setTrafficLights(pelican.getState());
+    setWaitLight(pelican.isPressed());
+}

cmat/Ex41/Pole.h

@@ -3,22 +3,25 @@
 #define POLE_H
 
 #include "Light.h"
+#include "Observer.h"
 #include "Pelican.h"
 
-class Pole {
+class Pole : public Observer {
   public:
-    Pole(int x, int y);
+    Pole(int x, int y, Pelican&);
     ~Pole();
 
     void setTrafficLights(Pelican::PelicanState state);
     void setWaitLight(bool pressed);
 
+    void update();
+
   private:
     enum LightName { RED_LIGHT, YELLOW_LIGHT, GREEN_LIGHT, GREEN_MAN, RED_MAN };
 
     Light *lights[RED_MAN + 1];
-
     Light *waitLight;
+    Pelican& pelican;
 };
 
 #endif

cmat/Ex41/Subject.cpp

@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
-
-
 #include "Subject.h"
 #include "Observer.h"
 
-// TODO: Implement the Subject::attach() member function that adds an Observer to the set
+void Subject::attach(Observer* observer) {
+    m_observers.insert(observer);
+}
 
-// TODO: Implement the Subject::notify() member function that calls all the update functions
+void Subject::notify() {
+    for (auto* observer : m_observers) {
+        observer->update();
+    }
+}

cmat/Ex41/Subject.h

@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ class Observer;
 
 class Subject {
   public:
-    // TODO: Declare the attach() function that adds an Observer to the set
+    void attach(Observer* observer);
   protected:
-    // TODO: Declare the notify() function that calls all the update functions
+    void notify();
   private:
-    // TODO: Define a set of Observer pointers
+    std::set<Observer*> m_observers;
 };
 
 #endif

cmat/Ex41/main.cpp

@@ -1,13 +1,16 @@
 
 #include "Keyboard.h"
 #include "Pelican.h"
+#include "Pole.h"
 #include "TimerSet.h"
 
 #include <cctype> // provides toupper()
 
 int main() {
     Keyboard kbd;
-    Pelican thePelican(30, 0);
+    Pelican thePelican;
+    Pole pole1(20, 0, thePelican);
+    Pole pole2(40, 0, thePelican);
 
     char c = 0;
 

cmat/Ex42/Observer.h

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-
-#ifndef OBSERVER_H
-#define OBSERVER_H
-
-class Observer {
-  public:
-    virtual void update() = 0;
-};
-
-#endif
+
+#ifndef OBSERVER_H
+#define OBSERVER_H
+
+class Hint;
+
+class Observer {
+  public:
+    virtual void update(const Hint&) = 0;
+};
+
+#endif

cmat/Ex42/Pelican.cpp

@@ -1,55 +1,57 @@
-
-
-#include "Pelican.h"
-#include "PelicanTimer.h"
-
-Pelican::Pelican() : pressed(false), RED_TIME(4), YELLOW_TIME(2), GREEN_TIME(3), FLASH_TIME(5), state(GREEN_IDLE) {
-    myTimer = new PelicanTimer(*this, &Pelican::timerExpired);
-}
-
-void Pelican::press(void) {
-    if (state == GREEN_IDLE) {
-        state = YELLOW_STATE;
-        myTimer->timeoutRequest(YELLOW_TIME);
-        pressed = true;
-        notify();
-    } else if (state != RED_STATE) {
-        pressed = true;
-        notify();
-    }
-}
-
-void Pelican::timerExpired(void) {
-    switch (state) {
-    case RED_STATE:
-        state = YELLOW_FLASHING;
-        myTimer->timeoutRequest(FLASH_TIME);
-        break;
-
-    case YELLOW_FLASHING:
-        state = GREEN_TIMING;
-        myTimer->timeoutRequest(GREEN_TIME);
-        break;
-
-    case GREEN_TIMING:
-        if (pressed) {
-            state = YELLOW_STATE;
-            myTimer->timeoutRequest(YELLOW_TIME);
-        } else {
-            state = GREEN_IDLE;
-        }
-        break;
-
-    case GREEN_IDLE:
-        //    should never happen
-        break;
-
-    case YELLOW_STATE:
-        state = RED_STATE;
-        pressed = false;
-        myTimer->timeoutRequest(RED_TIME);
-        break;
-    }
-
-    notify();
-}
+
+
+#include "Pelican.h"
+#include "PelicanTimer.h"
+#include "Subject.h"
+
+Pelican::Pelican() : pressed(false), RED_TIME(4), YELLOW_TIME(2), GREEN_TIME(3), FLASH_TIME(5), state(GREEN_IDLE) {
+    myTimer = new PelicanTimer(*this, &Pelican::timerExpired);
+}
+
+void Pelican::press(void) {
+    if (state == GREEN_IDLE) {
+        state = YELLOW_STATE;
+        myTimer->timeoutRequest(YELLOW_TIME);
+        pressed = true;
+    } else if (state != RED_STATE) {
+        pressed = true;
+    }
+    notify(LightHint(state));
+    notify(WaitHint(pressed));
+}
+
+void Pelican::timerExpired(void) {
+    switch (state) {
+    case RED_STATE:
+        state = YELLOW_FLASHING;
+        myTimer->timeoutRequest(FLASH_TIME);
+        break;
+
+    case YELLOW_FLASHING:
+        state = GREEN_TIMING;
+        myTimer->timeoutRequest(GREEN_TIME);
+        break;
+
+    case GREEN_TIMING:
+        if (pressed) {
+            state = YELLOW_STATE;
+            myTimer->timeoutRequest(YELLOW_TIME);
+        } else {
+            state = GREEN_IDLE;
+        }
+        break;
+
+    case GREEN_IDLE:
+        //    should never happen
+        break;
+
+    case YELLOW_STATE:
+        state = RED_STATE;
+        pressed = false;
+        myTimer->timeoutRequest(RED_TIME);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    notify(LightHint(state));
+    notify(WaitHint(pressed));
+}

cmat/Ex42/Pelican.h

@@ -1,51 +1,63 @@
-// ======================================================
-//
-// Represents a Pelican crossing
-//
-// ======================================================
-
-#ifndef PELICAN_H
-#define PELICAN_H
-
-#include "Subject.h"
-
-class PelicanTimer;
-
-class Pelican : public Subject {
-  public:
-    Pelican();
-
-    // call when the WAIT button has been pressed
-    void press(void);
-
-    // states that a Pelican can be in
-    enum PelicanState { RED_STATE, YELLOW_FLASHING, GREEN_TIMING, GREEN_IDLE, YELLOW_STATE };
-
-    bool isPressed() const { return pressed; }
-    PelicanState getState() const { return state; }
-
-  private:
-    // state that this Pelican is in
-    PelicanState state;
-
-    // called by PelicanTimer when the lights need to change
-    void timerExpired(void);
-
-    const unsigned int RED_TIME;
-    const unsigned int YELLOW_TIME;
-    const unsigned int GREEN_TIME;
-    const unsigned int FLASH_TIME;
-
-    // indicates whether the WAIT light should be on
-    bool pressed;
-
-    // Timer that indicates when the lights should change
-    PelicanTimer *myTimer;
-
-  private:
-    //  prevent general use of copy ctor and operator=
-    Pelican(const Pelican &);
-    Pelican &operator=(const Pelican &);
-};
-
-#endif
+// ======================================================
+//
+// Represents a Pelican crossing
+//
+// ======================================================
+
+#ifndef PELICAN_H
+#define PELICAN_H
+
+#include "Subject.h"
+
+class PelicanTimer;
+
+class Pelican : public Subject {
+  public:
+    Pelican();
+
+    // call when the WAIT button has been pressed
+    void press(void);
+
+    // states that a Pelican can be in
+    enum PelicanState { RED_STATE, YELLOW_FLASHING, GREEN_TIMING, GREEN_IDLE, YELLOW_STATE };
+
+    bool isPressed() const { return pressed; }
+    PelicanState getState() const { return state; }
+
+  private:
+    // state that this Pelican is in
+    PelicanState state;
+
+    // called by PelicanTimer when the lights need to change
+    void timerExpired(void);
+
+    const unsigned int RED_TIME;
+    const unsigned int YELLOW_TIME;
+    const unsigned int GREEN_TIME;
+    const unsigned int FLASH_TIME;
+
+    // indicates whether the WAIT light should be on
+    bool pressed;
+
+    // Timer that indicates when the lights should change
+    PelicanTimer *myTimer;
+
+  private:
+    //  prevent general use of copy ctor and operator=
+    Pelican(const Pelican &);
+    Pelican &operator=(const Pelican &);
+};
+
+class LightHint : public Hint {
+  public:
+    LightHint(Pelican::PelicanState s) : state(s) { }
+    Pelican::PelicanState state;
+};
+
+class WaitHint : public Hint {
+  public:
+    WaitHint (bool p) : pressed(p) {}
+    bool pressed;
+};
+
+#endif

cmat/Ex42/Pole.cpp

@@ -1,68 +1,80 @@
-#include "Pole.h"
-#include "Screen.h"
-
-Pole::Pole(int x, int y, Pelican &p) : waitLight(new Light("WAIT", x + 6, y + 12, Screen::WHITE)), myPelican(p) {
-    myPelican.attach(*this);
-
-    using namespace Screen; // we will discuss namespaces in the course
-
-    lights[RED_LIGHT] = new Light("*", x + 11, y + 3, RED);
-    lights[RED_MAN] = new Light("*<-=", x + 6, y + 4, RED);
-    lights[YELLOW_LIGHT] = new Light("*", x + 11, y + 5, YELLOW);
-    lights[GREEN_LIGHT] = new Light("*", x + 11, y + 7, GREEN);
-    lights[GREEN_MAN] = new Light("*|-<", x + 6, y + 7, GREEN);
-
-    write("       _____         ", x, ++y, GRAY);
-    write("      /___ /|        ", x, ++y, GRAY);
-    write("     |    | |        ", x, ++y, GRAY);
-    write("     |    |/|        ", x, ++y, GRAY);
-    write("     |____| |        ", x, ++y, GRAY);
-    write("     |    |/|        ", x, ++y, GRAY);
-    write("     |    | |        ", x, ++y, GRAY);
-    write("     |____|/         ", x, ++y, GRAY);
-    write("       _||__         ", x, ++y, GRAY);
-    write("      /___ /|        ", x, ++y, GRAY);
-    write("     |    | |        ", x, ++y, GRAY);
-    write("     |    | |        ", x, ++y, GRAY);
-    write("     |____|/         ", x, ++y, GRAY);
-    write("        ||           ", x, ++y, GRAY);
-    write("        ||           ", x, ++y, GRAY);
-    write("        ||           ", x, ++y, GRAY);
-    write("        ||           ", x, ++y, GRAY);
-    write("        ||           ", x, ++y, GRAY);
-    write("        ||           ", x, ++y, GRAY);
-    write("========||===========", x, ++y, GRAY);
-    write("    /   ||     /     ", x, ++y, GRAY);
-    write("_ /_________ /_      ", x, ++y, GRAY);
-    write("/          /         ", x, ++y, GRAY);
-
-    update();
-}
-
-Pole::~Pole() {
-    for (int i = 0; i < sizeof lights / sizeof(lights[0]); ++i)
-        delete lights[i];
-    delete waitLight;
-}
-
-void Pole::setTrafficLights(Pelican::PelicanState state) {
-    static const Light::LightState LightStates[Pelican::YELLOW_STATE + 1][RED_MAN + 1] = {
-        //  red         yellow        green       green man     red man
-        {Light::ON, Light::OFF, Light::OFF, Light::ON, Light::OFF},       // red
-        {Light::OFF, Light::FLASH, Light::OFF, Light::FLASH, Light::OFF}, // y flash
-        {Light::OFF, Light::OFF, Light::ON, Light::OFF, Light::ON},       // g time
-        {Light::OFF, Light::OFF, Light::ON, Light::OFF, Light::ON},       // g idle
-        {Light::OFF, Light::ON, Light::OFF, Light::OFF, Light::ON}        // yellow
-    };
-
-    for (int i = RED_LIGHT; i <= RED_MAN; i++) {
-        lights[i]->set(LightStates[state][i]);
-    }
-}
-
-void Pole::setWaitLight(bool pressed) { waitLight->set(pressed ? Light::ON : Light::OFF); }
-
-void Pole::update() {
-    setTrafficLights(myPelican.getState());
-    setWaitLight(myPelican.isPressed());
-}
+#include "Pole.h"
+#include "Pelican.h"
+#include "Screen.h"
+
+#include <typeinfo>
+
+Pole::Pole(int x, int y, Pelican &p) : waitLight(new Light("WAIT", x + 6, y + 12, Screen::WHITE)), myPelican(p) {
+    myPelican.attach(*this);
+
+    using namespace Screen; // we will discuss namespaces in the course
+
+    lights[RED_LIGHT] = new Light("*", x + 11, y + 3, RED);
+    lights[RED_MAN] = new Light("*<-=", x + 6, y + 4, RED);
+    lights[YELLOW_LIGHT] = new Light("*", x + 11, y + 5, YELLOW);
+    lights[GREEN_LIGHT] = new Light("*", x + 11, y + 7, GREEN);
+    lights[GREEN_MAN] = new Light("*|-<", x + 6, y + 7, GREEN);
+
+    write("       _____         ", x, ++y, GRAY);
+    write("      /___ /|        ", x, ++y, GRAY);
+    write("     |    | |        ", x, ++y, GRAY);
+    write("     |    |/|        ", x, ++y, GRAY);
+    write("     |____| |        ", x, ++y, GRAY);
+    write("     |    |/|        ", x, ++y, GRAY);
+    write("     |    | |        ", x, ++y, GRAY);
+    write("     |____|/         ", x, ++y, GRAY);
+    write("       _||__         ", x, ++y, GRAY);
+    write("      /___ /|        ", x, ++y, GRAY);
+    write("     |    | |        ", x, ++y, GRAY);
+    write("     |    | |        ", x, ++y, GRAY);
+    write("     |____|/         ", x, ++y, GRAY);
+    write("        ||           ", x, ++y, GRAY);
+    write("        ||           ", x, ++y, GRAY);
+    write("        ||           ", x, ++y, GRAY);
+    write("        ||           ", x, ++y, GRAY);
+    write("        ||           ", x, ++y, GRAY);
+    write("        ||           ", x, ++y, GRAY);
+    write("========||===========", x, ++y, GRAY);
+    write("    /   ||     /     ", x, ++y, GRAY);
+    write("_ /_________ /_      ", x, ++y, GRAY);
+    write("/          /         ", x, ++y, GRAY);
+
+    setTrafficLights(myPelican.getState());
+    setWaitLight(myPelican.isPressed());
+}
+
+Pole::~Pole() {
+    for (int i = 0; i < sizeof lights / sizeof(lights[0]); ++i)
+        delete lights[i];
+    delete waitLight;
+}
+
+void Pole::setTrafficLights(Pelican::PelicanState state) {
+    static const Light::LightState LightStates[Pelican::YELLOW_STATE + 1][RED_MAN + 1] = {
+        //  red         yellow        green       green man     red man
+        {Light::ON, Light::OFF, Light::OFF, Light::ON, Light::OFF},       // red
+        {Light::OFF, Light::FLASH, Light::OFF, Light::FLASH, Light::OFF}, // y flash
+        {Light::OFF, Light::OFF, Light::ON, Light::OFF, Light::ON},       // g time
+        {Light::OFF, Light::OFF, Light::ON, Light::OFF, Light::ON},       // g idle
+        {Light::OFF, Light::ON, Light::OFF, Light::OFF, Light::ON}        // yellow
+    };
+
+    for (int i = RED_LIGHT; i <= RED_MAN; i++) {
+        lights[i]->set(LightStates[state][i]);
+    }
+}
+
+void Pole::setWaitLight(bool pressed) { waitLight->set(pressed ? Light::ON : Light::OFF); }
+
+void Pole::update(const Hint& hint) {
+    const WaitHint* waitHintPtr;
+    waitHintPtr = dynamic_cast<const WaitHint*>(&hint);
+    const LightHint* lightHintPtr;
+    lightHintPtr = dynamic_cast<const LightHint*>(&hint);
+    if (waitHintPtr != nullptr) {
+        setWaitLight(waitHintPtr->pressed);
+    }
+    if (lightHintPtr != nullptr) {
+        setTrafficLights(lightHintPtr->state);
+    }
+}

cmat/Ex42/Pole.h

@@ -1,28 +1,28 @@
-
-#ifndef POLE_H
-#define POLE_H
-
-#include "Light.h"
-#include "Observer.h"
-#include "Pelican.h"
-
-class Pole : public Observer {
-  public:
-    Pole(int x, int y, Pelican &p);
-    ~Pole();
-
-    void setTrafficLights(Pelican::PelicanState state);
-    void setWaitLight(bool pressed);
-
-    void update();
-
-  private:
-    Pelican &myPelican;
-
-    enum LightName { RED_LIGHT, YELLOW_LIGHT, GREEN_LIGHT, GREEN_MAN, RED_MAN };
-
-    Light *lights[RED_MAN + 1];
-    Light *waitLight;
-};
-
-#endif
+
+#ifndef POLE_H
+#define POLE_H
+
+#include "Light.h"
+#include "Observer.h"
+#include "Pelican.h"
+
+class Pole : public Observer {
+  public:
+    Pole(int x, int y, Pelican &p);
+    ~Pole();
+
+    void setTrafficLights(Pelican::PelicanState state);
+    void setWaitLight(bool pressed);
+
+    void update(const Hint& hint);
+
+  private:
+    Pelican &myPelican;
+
+    enum LightName { RED_LIGHT, YELLOW_LIGHT, GREEN_LIGHT, GREEN_MAN, RED_MAN };
+
+    Light *lights[RED_MAN + 1];
+    Light *waitLight;
+};
+
+#endif

cmat/Ex42/Subject.cpp

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-
-
-#include "Subject.h"
-#include "Observer.h"
-
-void Subject::attach(Observer &obs) { myObservers.insert(&obs); }
-
-void Subject::notify() const {
-    for (ObsList::const_iterator iter = myObservers.begin(); iter != myObservers.end(); ++iter) {
-        (*iter)->update();
-    }
-}
+
+
+#include "Subject.h"
+#include "Observer.h"
+
+void Subject::attach(Observer &obs) { myObservers.insert(&obs); }
+
+void Subject::notify(const Hint& hint) const {
+    for (ObsList::const_iterator iter = myObservers.begin(); iter != myObservers.end(); ++iter) {
+        (*iter)->update(hint);
+    }
+}

cmat/Ex42/Subject.h

@@ -1,20 +1,25 @@
-
-
-#ifndef SUBJECT_H
-#define SUBJECT_H
-
-class Observer;
-
-#include <set>
-
-class Subject {
-  public:
-    typedef std::set<Observer *> ObsList;
-    void attach(Observer &obs);
-    void notify() const;
-
-  private:
-    ObsList myObservers;
-};
-
-#endif
+
+
+#ifndef SUBJECT_H
+#define SUBJECT_H
+
+class Observer;
+
+#include <set>
+
+class Hint {
+  public:
+    virtual ~Hint() = default;
+};
+
+class Subject {
+  public:
+    typedef std::set<Observer *> ObsList;
+    void attach(Observer &obs);
+    void notify(const Hint&) const;
+
+  private:
+    ObsList myObservers;
+};
+
+#endif

cmat/Ex51/TimerSet.cpp

@@ -1,24 +1,36 @@
-#include "TimerSet.h"
-#include "Timer.h"
-#include <iostream>
-
-TimerSet::TimerSet() : previousTime(time(NULL)) {}
-
-void TimerSet::addATimer(Timer *t) { timers.push_back(t); }
-
-void TimerSet::pollAllTimers() {
-    std::time_t timeNow;
-    if (time(&timeNow) > previousTime) {
-        previousTime = timeNow;
-
-        for (auto it = timers.begin(); it != timers.end(); it++) {
-            (*it)->tick();
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-TimerSet &TimerSet::Instance() {
-    // Meyer's Singleton implementation
-    static TimerSet pInstance;
-    return pInstance;
-}
+#include "TimerSet.h"
+#include "Timer.h"
+#include <iostream>
+#include <thread>
+
+TimerSet::TimerSet() : previousTime(time(NULL)), pollingThread([this]{poll10Hz();}) {
+    pollingThread.detach();
+}
+
+void TimerSet::addATimer(Timer *t) { timers.push_back(t); }
+
+void TimerSet::pollAllTimers() {
+    std::time_t timeNow;
+    if (time(&timeNow) > previousTime) {
+        previousTime = timeNow;
+
+        for (auto it = timers.begin(); it != timers.end(); it++) {
+            (*it)->tick();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+TimerSet &TimerSet::Instance() {
+    // Meyer's Singleton implementation
+    static TimerSet pInstance;
+    return pInstance;
+}
+
+void TimerSet::poll10Hz() {
+    using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+    while (true) {
+        auto const pause = 100ms;
+        pollAllTimers();
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(pause);
+    }
+}

cmat/Ex51/TimerSet.h

@@ -1,29 +1,33 @@
-#ifndef TIMERSET_H
-#define TIMERSET_H
-
-#include <ctime>
-#include <vector>
-
-class Timer;
-
-class TimerSet {
-  public:
-    void pollAllTimers();
-    void addATimer(Timer *);
-
-  private:
-    TimerSet();
-    std::vector<Timer *> timers;
-    std::time_t previousTime;
-
-    //  Meyer's singleton
-  public:
-    static TimerSet &Instance();
-
-  private:
-    // prevent copying and assignment of the singleton
-    TimerSet(const TimerSet &);
-    TimerSet &operator=(const TimerSet &);
-};
-
-#endif
+#ifndef TIMERSET_H
+#define TIMERSET_H
+
+#include <ctime>
+#include <vector>
+#include <thread>
+
+class Timer;
+
+class TimerSet {
+  public:
+    void pollAllTimers();
+    void addATimer(Timer *);
+
+  private:
+    TimerSet();
+    std::vector<Timer *> timers;
+    std::time_t previousTime;
+    std::thread pollingThread;
+
+    //  Meyer's singleton
+  public:
+    static TimerSet &Instance();
+
+  private:
+    // prevent copying and assignment of the singleton
+    TimerSet(const TimerSet &);
+    TimerSet &operator=(const TimerSet &);
+
+    void poll10Hz();
+};
+
+#endif

cmat/Ex51/main.cpp

@@ -1,32 +1,27 @@
-
-
-#include "Keyboard.h"
-#include "Pelican.h"
-#include "Pole.h"
-#include "TimerSet.h"
-
-#include <cctype> // provides toupper()
-
-int main() {
-    Keyboard kbd;
-    Pelican thePelican;
-    Pole pole1(20, 0, thePelican);
-    Pole pole2(40, 0, thePelican);
-
-    char c = 0;
-
-    while (std::toupper(c) != 'Q') { // loop until 'Q' is pressed
-
-        while (!kbd.isCharAvail()) {
-            TimerSet::Instance().pollAllTimers(); // no key press to process, poll the timers
-        }
-
-        c = kbd.getChar(); // get the character
-        if (c == ' ') {
-            // it's a space, so press the WAIT button
-            thePelican.press();
-        }
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
+
+
+#include "Keyboard.h"
+#include "Pelican.h"
+#include "Pole.h"
+#include "TimerSet.h"
+
+#include <cctype> // provides toupper()
+
+int main() {
+    Keyboard kbd;
+    Pelican thePelican;
+    Pole pole1(20, 0, thePelican);
+    Pole pole2(40, 0, thePelican);
+
+    char c = 0;
+
+    while (std::toupper(c) != 'Q') { // loop until 'Q' is pressed
+        c = kbd.getChar(); // get the character
+        if (c == ' ') {
+            // it's a space, so press the WAIT button
+            thePelican.press();
+        }
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}

cmat/Ex61/Person.cpp

@@ -1,37 +1,44 @@
-#include "Person.h"
-#include "PersonException.h"
-#include "YoungPerson.h"
-#include <iostream>
-
-using std::cout;
-
-Person::Person(std::string name, int age) : name(name), age(age) {
-    if (age < 0) {
-        throw PersonException("negative age");
-    }
-
-    cout << "Person ctor\n";
-    Count++;
-}
-
-Person::Person(const Person &) {
-    cout << "Copy ctor\n";
-    Count++;
-}
-
-Person::~Person() {
-    cout << "Dtor\n";
-    Count--;
-}
-
-void Person::setSalary(int sal) {
-    if (sal < 0) {
-        throw PersonException("negative salary");
-    }
-
-    salary = sal;
-}
-
-int Person::GetCount() { return Count; }
-
-int Person::Count = 0;
+#include "Person.h"
+#include "PersonException.h"
+#include "YoungPerson.h"
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <memory>
+
+using std::cout;
+
+std::shared_ptr<Person> Person::GetPerson(std::string name, int age) {
+    if (age < 18) return std::make_shared<YoungPerson>(name, age);
+    return std::make_shared<Person>(name, age);
+}
+
+Person::Person(std::string name, int age) : name(name), age(age) {
+    if (age < 0) {
+        throw PersonException("negative age");
+    }
+
+    cout << "Person ctor\n";
+    Count++;
+}
+
+Person::Person(const Person &) {
+    cout << "Copy ctor\n";
+    Count++;
+}
+
+Person::~Person() {
+    cout << "Dtor\n";
+    Count--;
+}
+
+void Person::setSalary(int sal) {
+    if (sal < 0) {
+        throw PersonException("negative salary");
+    }
+
+    salary = sal;
+}
+
+int Person::GetCount() { return Count; }
+
+int Person::Count = 0;

cmat/Ex61/Person.h

@@ -1,28 +1,31 @@
-
-
-#ifndef Person_h
-#define Person_h
-
-#include <string>
-
-class Person {
-  public:
-    virtual ~Person();
-
-    static int GetCount();
-
-    Person(std::string name, int age);
-
-    void setSalary(int sal);
-
-  private:
-    Person(const Person &);
-
-    std::string name;
-    int age;
-    int salary;
-
-    static int Count;
-};
-
-#endif
+
+
+#ifndef Person_h
+#define Person_h
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
+class Person {
+  public:
+    virtual ~Person();
+
+    static int GetCount();
+
+    Person(std::string name, int age);
+
+    void setSalary(int sal);
+
+    static std::shared_ptr<Person> GetPerson(std::string name, int age);
+
+  private:
+    Person(const Person &);
+
+    std::string name;
+    int age;
+    int salary;
+
+    static int Count;
+};
+
+#endif

cmat/Ex61/main.cpp

@@ -1,75 +1,69 @@
-
-#include <exception>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include "Person.h"
-
-#include "PersonException.h"
-#include <iostream>
-
-using std::cin;
-using std::cout;
-using std::string;
-using std::exception;
-
-int main() {
-    std::vector<Person *> people;
-
-    string namePrompt = "Enter name: ";
-    string name;
-    string agePrompt = "Enter age: ";
-    int age;
-    string salaryPrompt = "Enter salary: ";
-    int salary;
-
-    cout << namePrompt;
-    cin >> name;
-
-    while (name != "q") {
-        try {
-            cout << agePrompt;
-            cin >> age;
-
-            if (!cin) {
-                cin.clear();
-                string dummy;
-                cin >> dummy;
-                throw PersonException("invalid age");
-            }
-
-            Person *personPtr = new Person(name, age);
-
-            cout << salaryPrompt;
-            cin >> salary;
-            if (!cin) {
-                cin.clear();
-                string dummy;
-                cin >> dummy;
-                throw PersonException("invalid salary");
-            }
-
-            personPtr->setSalary(salary);
-
-            people.push_back(personPtr);
-        }
-
-        catch (exception &e) {
-            cout << "PersonException thrown: " << e.what() << '\n';
-        }
-
-        cout << "There are " << Person::GetCount() << " Person(s), " << people.size() << " in vector\n";
-
-        cout << namePrompt;
-        cin >> name;
-    }
-
-    // delete all the person(s) in the vector
-    for (std::vector<Person *>::iterator iter = people.begin(); iter != people.end(); ++iter) {
-        delete *iter;
-    }
-
-    cout << "There are " << Person::GetCount() << " Person(s) left dangling\n";
-
-    return 0;
-}
+
+#include <exception>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "Person.h"
+
+#include "PersonException.h"
+#include <iostream>
+
+using std::cin;
+using std::cout;
+using std::string;
+using std::exception;
+
+int main() {
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Person>> people;
+
+    string namePrompt = "Enter name: ";
+    string name;
+    string agePrompt = "Enter age: ";
+    int age;
+    string salaryPrompt = "Enter salary: ";
+    int salary;
+
+    cout << namePrompt;
+    cin >> name;
+
+    while (name != "q") {
+        try {
+            cout << agePrompt;
+            cin >> age;
+
+            if (!cin) {
+                cin.clear();
+                string dummy;
+                cin >> dummy;
+                throw PersonException("invalid age");
+            }
+
+            auto personPtr = Person::GetPerson(name, age);
+
+            cout << salaryPrompt;
+            cin >> salary;
+            if (!cin) {
+                cin.clear();
+                string dummy;
+                cin >> dummy;
+                throw PersonException("invalid salary");
+            }
+
+            personPtr->setSalary(salary);
+
+            people.push_back(personPtr);
+        }
+
+        catch (exception &e) {
+            cout << "PersonException thrown: " << e.what() << '\n';
+        }
+
+        cout << "There are " << Person::GetCount() << " Person(s), " << people.size() << " in vector\n";
+
+        cout << namePrompt;
+        cin >> name;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}