feat(cmat): add cmake build for course material

Add a CMakeLists.txt to each exercise directory, included from
cmat/CMakeLists.txt, so every exercise and solution becomes a buildable
target. GUI exercises link the curses-based DOS_Unix implementations on
Unix-like systems; the Windows-specific DOS variants are not compiled.
Exercises without a portable path or with missing dependencies (Boost)
are reported as not available at configure time.

Targets are excluded from the default build and built by name, e.g.
`cmake --build build --target Ex11`, so intentionally buggy exercises
such as Ex21 do not break the default build.

Also fix two portability issues: rename Ex11bug/pole.h to Pole.h for
case-sensitive filesystems and drop the extra Light:: qualification in
SolutionEx71A/Light.h. Document build commands and layout in AGENTS.md.

Co-authored-by: Qwen 3.8 27B <qwen3.8_27b-q3_k_xl@lmstudio.local>

cmat/SolutionEx71ABonus/PoleVisitor.h

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// ======================================================
+// PoleVisitor.h
+// ======================================================
+
+#ifndef POLEVISITOR_H
+#define POLEVISITOR_H
+
+class Light;
+
+class PoleVisitor {
+  public:
+    virtual void visit(Light &) = 0;
+};
+
+#endif