diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index b4fc99b..2a81adc 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@ wheels/
 .DS_Store
 Thumbs.db
 
+# Tools (large binaries)
+.tools/
+
 # Video output
 *.mp4
 *.mkv
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 0046245..52073b6 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -53,3 +53,62 @@ hdzero VID_0013.TS output.mp4 --gpu
 # Limit CPU usage
 hdzero VID_0013.TS output.mp4 --threads 4
 ```
+
+---
+
+### `realesrgan`
+
+AI upscaler using [Real-ESRGAN](https://github.com/xinntao/Real-ESRGAN) (NCNN portable executable). Upscales video by extracting frames, running Real-ESRGAN on each frame, then reassembling with original audio.
+
+Place the NCNN executable in `.tools/realesrgan-ncnn-vulkan-*/`.
+
+```sh
+realesrgan <input> <output> [options]
+```
+
+**Options**
+
+| Flag             | Default | Description                 |
+| ---------------- | ------- | --------------------------- |
+| `-ss <time>`     | —       | Start time                  |
+| `-to <time>`     | —       | End time                    |
+| `--model <name>` | `x4`    | Model (see below)           |
+| `--gpu <id>`     | `0`     | GPU device ID, `-1` for CPU |
+| `--crf <n>`      | `18`    | Output CRF quality          |
+
+**Models**
+
+| Flag              | Model                   | Scale | Best for                 |
+| ----------------- | ----------------------- | ----- | ------------------------ |
+| `x4`              | realesrgan-x4plus       | 4x    | Real-world footage (FPV) |
+| `x4-anime`        | realesrgan-x4plus-anime | 4x    | Animation                |
+| `x2` / `video-x2` | realesr-animevideov3-x2 | 2x    | Animation video          |
+| `x3` / `video-x3` | realesr-animevideov3-x3 | 3x    | Animation video          |
+| `video-x4`        | realesr-animevideov3-x4 | 4x    | Animation video          |
+
+**Examples**
+
+```bash
+# Upscale a clip (recommended model for FPV)
+realesrgan VID_0013.TS output.mp4 --model x4
+
+# Test on a short segment first
+realesrgan VID_0013.TS test.mp4 --model x4 -ss 00:01:00 -to 00:01:10
+
+# CPU only
+realesrgan VID_0013.TS output.mp4 --gpu -1
+```
+
+---
+
+## To investigate
+
+### SeedVR
+
+[ByteDance-Seed/SeedVR](https://github.com/ByteDance-Seed/SeedVR) — video
+super-resolution via diffusion model. Potentially much higher quality than
+Real-ESRGAN but significantly heavier:
+
+- Requires Python 3.10, PyTorch, `flash_attn`, `apex` (Linux/CUDA only)
+- Minimum 1× H100-80G for 720p; 4× H100 for 1080p+
+- Not natively runnable on Windows — needs WSL2 or a Linux machine
diff --git a/esrgan.py b/esrgan.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc9e31d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esrgan.py
@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+import argparse
+import os
+import queue
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import threading
+import time
+import urllib.request
+import zipfile
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from rich.console import Console
+from rich.progress import (
+    BarColumn,
+    MofNCompleteColumn,
+    Progress,
+    TaskProgressColumn,
+    TextColumn,
+    TimeElapsedColumn,
+    TimeRemainingColumn,
+)
+
+console = Console(stderr=True)
+
+MODELS = {
+    "x4":       ("realesrgan-x4plus",       4),
+    "x4-anime": ("realesrgan-x4plus-anime", 4),
+    "x2":       ("realesr-animevideov3-x2", 2),
+    "x3":       ("realesr-animevideov3-x3", 3),
+    "video-x2": ("realesr-animevideov3-x2", 2),
+    "video-x3": ("realesr-animevideov3-x3", 3),
+    "video-x4": ("realesr-animevideov3-x4", 4),
+}
+
+
+_RELEASE = "realesrgan-ncnn-vulkan-20220424"
+_DOWNLOAD_URLS = {
+    "win32":  f"https://github.com/xinntao/Real-ESRGAN/releases/download/v0.2.5.0/{_RELEASE}-windows.zip",
+    "linux":  f"https://github.com/xinntao/Real-ESRGAN/releases/download/v0.2.5.0/{_RELEASE}-ubuntu.zip",
+    "darwin": f"https://github.com/xinntao/Real-ESRGAN/releases/download/v0.2.5.0/{_RELEASE}-macos.zip",
+}
+_EXE_NAME = "realesrgan-ncnn-vulkan.exe" if sys.platform == "win32" else "realesrgan-ncnn-vulkan"
+
+
+def _download_ncnn(tools: Path):
+    platform = sys.platform
+    url = _DOWNLOAD_URLS.get(platform)
+    if not url:
+        console.print(f"[red]no download available for platform: {platform}[/red]")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    tools.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    zip_path = tools / f"{_RELEASE}.zip"
+
+    console.print(f"[dim]downloading {url}[/dim]")
+    with Progress(
+        TextColumn("{task.description}"),
+        BarColumn(),
+        TaskProgressColumn(),
+        TimeElapsedColumn(),
+        TimeRemainingColumn(),
+        console=console,
+    ) as progress:
+        task = progress.add_task("Downloading ", total=None)
+
+        def _reporthook(block: int, block_size: int, total: int):
+            if total > 0:
+                progress.update(task, total=total, completed=min(block * block_size, total))
+
+        urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, zip_path, reporthook=_reporthook)
+
+    console.print("[dim]extracting...[/dim]")
+    with zipfile.ZipFile(zip_path, "r") as zf:
+        zf.extractall(tools)
+    zip_path.unlink()
+
+    if sys.platform != "win32":
+        exe = tools / _RELEASE / _EXE_NAME
+        exe.chmod(exe.stat().st_mode | 0o111)
+
+
+def find_executable() -> Path:
+    tools = Path(__file__).parent / ".tools"
+    candidates = sorted(tools.glob(f"{_RELEASE}-*"))
+    if not candidates:
+        _download_ncnn(tools)
+        candidates = sorted(tools.glob(f"{_RELEASE}-*"))
+    exe = candidates[-1] / _EXE_NAME
+    if not exe.exists():
+        console.print(f"[red]executable not found: {exe}[/red]")
+        sys.exit(1)
+    return exe
+
+
+def _parse_time(t: str) -> float:
+    parts = t.split(":")
+    return sum(float(p) * 60 ** i for i, p in enumerate(reversed(parts)))
+
+
+def n_frames_to_seconds(ss: str | None, to: str | None, total: float) -> float:
+    start = _parse_time(ss) if ss else 0.0
+    end   = _parse_time(to) if to else total
+    return max(0.0, end - start)
+
+
+def probe_video(path: str) -> dict:
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        [
+            "ffprobe", "-v", "error", "-select_streams", "v:0",
+            "-show_entries", "stream=r_frame_rate,width,height:format=duration",
+            "-of", "default=noprint_wrappers=1",
+            path,
+        ],
+        capture_output=True, text=True,
+    )
+    info: dict[str, str] = {}
+    for line in result.stdout.splitlines():
+        k, _, v = line.partition("=")
+        info[k.strip()] = v.strip()
+    num, _, den = info.get("r_frame_rate", "30/1").partition("/")
+    fps = float(num) / float(den or 1)
+    return {
+        "fps": fps,
+        "duration": float(info.get("duration", 0)),
+        "width": int(info.get("width", 0)),
+        "height": int(info.get("height", 0)),
+    }
+
+
+def _pipe_reader(stream, q: queue.Queue):
+    for line in iter(stream.readline, b""):
+        q.put(line.decode(errors="replace").strip())
+    q.put(None)
+
+
+def ffmpeg_with_progress(cmd: list[str], label: str, total: float | None) -> int:
+    t = total or 100.0
+    with Progress(
+        TextColumn("{task.description}"),
+        BarColumn(),
+        TaskProgressColumn(),
+        TimeElapsedColumn(),
+        TimeRemainingColumn(),
+        console=console,
+    ) as progress:
+        task = progress.add_task(label, total=t)
+        proc = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+        q: queue.Queue = queue.Queue()
+        threading.Thread(target=_pipe_reader, args=(proc.stdout, q), daemon=True).start()
+        threading.Thread(target=_pipe_reader, args=(proc.stderr, queue.Queue()), daemon=True).start()
+        try:
+            while True:
+                line = q.get()
+                if line is None:
+                    break
+                key, _, value = line.partition("=")
+                if key == "out_time" and total:
+                    try:
+                        h, m, s = value.split(":")
+                        elapsed_s = int(h) * 3600 + int(m) * 60 + float(s)
+                        progress.update(task, completed=min(elapsed_s, t))
+                    except ValueError:
+                        pass
+                elif key == "progress" and value == "end":
+                    progress.update(task, completed=t)
+        except KeyboardInterrupt:
+            proc.terminate()
+            proc.wait()
+            console.print("\n[yellow]cancelled[/yellow]")
+            sys.exit(130)
+        proc.wait()
+    return proc.returncode
+
+
+def extract_frames(input_file: str, frames_dir: Path, ss: str | None, to: str | None, duration: float | None) -> int:
+    cmd = ["ffmpeg", "-hide_banner", "-loglevel", "error", "-y"]
+    if ss:
+        cmd += ["-ss", ss]
+    if to:
+        cmd += ["-to", to]
+    cmd += ["-i", input_file, str(frames_dir / "%08d.png")]
+    cmd += ["-progress", "pipe:1", "-stats_period", "0.5"]
+
+    rc = ffmpeg_with_progress(cmd, "Extracting  ", duration)
+    if rc != 0:
+        console.print("[red]frame extraction failed[/red]")
+        sys.exit(rc)
+
+    return len(sorted(frames_dir.glob("*.png")))
+
+
+def upscale_frames(exe: Path, frames_dir: Path, out_dir: Path, model: str, scale: int, gpu_id: int, n_frames: int):
+    cmd = [
+        str(exe),
+        "-i", str(frames_dir),
+        "-o", str(out_dir),
+        "-n", model,
+        "-s", str(scale),
+        "-g", str(gpu_id),
+        "-f", "png",
+    ]
+
+    with Progress(
+        TextColumn("{task.description}"),
+        BarColumn(),
+        MofNCompleteColumn(),
+        TimeElapsedColumn(),
+        TimeRemainingColumn(),
+        console=console,
+    ) as progress:
+        task = progress.add_task("Upscaling   ", total=n_frames)
+        proc = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
+        stop = threading.Event()
+        def _watcher():
+            while not stop.is_set():
+                count = len(list(out_dir.glob("*.png")))
+                progress.update(task, completed=count)
+                time.sleep(0.5)
+        threading.Thread(target=_watcher, daemon=True).start()
+
+        try:
+            proc.wait()
+        except KeyboardInterrupt:
+            proc.terminate()
+            proc.wait()
+            stop.set()
+            console.print("\n[yellow]cancelled[/yellow]")
+            sys.exit(130)
+
+        stop.set()
+
+    if proc.returncode != 0:
+        console.print("[red]upscaling failed[/red]")
+        sys.exit(proc.returncode)
+
+
+def assemble_video(frames_dir: Path, original: str, output: str, fps: float, clip_duration: float | None, crf: int, ss: str | None, to: str | None):
+    audio_input: list[str] = []
+    if ss:
+        audio_input += ["-ss", ss]
+    if to:
+        audio_input += ["-to", to]
+    audio_input += ["-i", original]
+
+    cmd = [
+        "ffmpeg", "-hide_banner", "-loglevel", "error", "-y",
+        "-framerate", str(fps),
+        "-i", str(frames_dir / "%08d.png"),
+        *audio_input,
+        "-map", "0:v", "-map", "1:a?",
+        "-c:v", "libx264", "-crf", str(crf), "-preset", "slow",
+        "-c:a", "copy",
+        "-progress", "pipe:1", "-stats_period", "0.5",
+        output,
+    ]
+    rc = ffmpeg_with_progress(cmd, "Assembling  ", clip_duration)
+    if rc != 0:
+        console.print("[red]assembly failed[/red]")
+        sys.exit(rc)
+
+
+def main():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Real-ESRGAN video upscaler (NCNN)")
+    parser.add_argument("input", help="Input video file")
+    parser.add_argument("output", help="Output video file")
+    parser.add_argument("-ss", help="Start time (e.g. 00:01:30 or 90)")
+    parser.add_argument("-to", help="End time (e.g. 00:02:00 or 120)")
+    parser.add_argument("--model", default="x4", choices=list(MODELS), help="Model (default: x4)")
+    parser.add_argument("--gpu", type=int, default=0, help="GPU device ID, -1 for CPU (default: 0)")
+    parser.add_argument("--crf", type=int, default=18, help="Output CRF quality (default: 18)")
+
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+    exe = find_executable()
+    model_name, scale = MODELS[args.model]
+
+    info = probe_video(args.input)
+    console.print(
+        f"[dim]{Path(args.input).name}[/dim]  "
+        f"[cyan]{info['width']}x{info['height']}[/cyan]  "
+        f"[cyan]{info['fps']:.2f} fps[/cyan]  "
+        f"[cyan]{info['duration']:.1f}s[/cyan]  "
+        f"[dim]→ {model_name} ({scale}x)[/dim]"
+    )
+
+    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(prefix="esrgan_in_") as frames_tmp, \
+         tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(prefix="esrgan_out_") as out_tmp:
+
+        frames_dir = Path(frames_tmp)
+        out_dir = Path(out_tmp)
+
+        clip_duration = n_frames_to_seconds(args.ss, args.to, info["duration"])
+        n = extract_frames(args.input, frames_dir, args.ss, args.to, clip_duration)
+        console.print(f"[dim]{n} frames[/dim]")
+
+        upscale_frames(exe, frames_dir, out_dir, model_name, scale, args.gpu, n)
+        assemble_video(out_dir, args.input, args.output, info["fps"], clip_duration, args.crf, args.ss, args.to)
+
+    console.print(f"[green]done[/green]  {args.output}")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 58640fe..1157aa9 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ requires = ["setuptools"]
 build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 
 [tool.setuptools]
-py-modules = ["hdzero"]
+py-modules = ["hdzero", "esrgan"]
 
 [project.scripts]
 hdzero = "hdzero:main"
+realesrgan = "esrgan:main"