mirror of
https://github.com/mackron/miniaudio.git
synced 2026-04-22 00:06:59 +02:00
David Reid
539 lines
24 KiB
HTML
539 lines
24 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>miniaudio - A single file audio playback and capture library.</title>
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<meta name="description" content="miniaudio is a single file audio playback and capture library written in C.">
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color:#333;
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<body style="margin:0; padding:0">
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<table class="header-link-table" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0; padding:0; padding-right:1em;">
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<td style="vertical-align:bottom; padding:0em; padding-right:2em;"><a href="../../index.html"><img src="../../img/logo1_large_white.png" style="height:24px; min-width:100%;"></a></td>
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<td><a href="../manual/index.html">Documentation</a></td>
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<td><a href="index.html">Examples</a></td>
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</td>
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<td style="padding:0.1em; width:25%; text-align:right; vertical-align:center;">
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<a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/miniaudio"><img src="../../img/reddit_white.svg" style="margin:0; padding:0; height:40px; width:40px;"></a>
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</td>
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<td style="padding:0.1em; width:25%; text-align:right; vertical-align:center;">
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<a href="https://discord.gg/9vpqbjU"><img src="../../img/Discord-Logo-White.svg" style="margin:0; padding:0; height:32px; width:32px;"></a>
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<td style="padding:0.1em; width:25%; text-align:right; vertical-align:center;">
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<a href="https://twitter.com/mackron"><img src="../../img/twitter_white.png" style="margin:0; padding:0; height:32px; width:32px;"></a>
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</td>
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<td style="padding:0.1em; padding-right:1em; width:25%; text-align:right; vertical-align:center;">
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<a href="https://github.com/mackron/miniaudio"><img src="../../img/github_white.png" style="margin:0; padding:0; height:24px; width:24px;"></a>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div style="background-color:#fff; padding-bottom:0em; border-top:solid 1px #003800; background-color:#eee;">
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<table border="0" style="margin:0 auto; width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; border:solid 0px #000; table-layout:fixed;"><tr>
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<td valign="top" style="width:20em; padding:0; margin:0; border-right:solid 0px #000;"><div style="position:relative; height:100%; width:100%; border:solid 0px #000; padding:0; margin:0;">
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<a href="../index.html" class="doc-navigation">Documentation Home</a><a href="../manual/index.html" class="doc-navigation">Programming Manual</a><a href="index.html" class="doc-navigation ">Examples</a><a href="custom_backend.html" class="doc-navigation doc-navigation-l1 ">Custom Backend</a><a href="custom_decoder.html" class="doc-navigation doc-navigation-l1 ">Custom Decoder</a><a href="custom_decoder_engine.html" class="doc-navigation doc-navigation-l1 ">Custom Decoder Engine</a><a href="data_source_chaining.html" class="doc-navigation doc-navigation-l1 ">Data Source Chaining</a><a href="duplex_effect.html" class="doc-navigation doc-navigation-l1 ">Duplex Effect</a><a href="engine_advanced.html" class="doc-navigation doc-navigation-l1 ">Engine Advanced</a><a href="engine_effects.html" class="doc-navigation doc-navigation-l1 ">Engine Effects</a><a href="engine_hello_world.html" class="doc-navigation doc-navigation-l1 ">Engine Hello World</a><a href="engine_sdl.html" class="doc-navigation doc-navigation-l1 ">Engine Sdl</a><a href="engine_steamaudio.html" class="doc-navigation doc-navigation-l1 ">Engine Steamaudio</a><a href="node_graph.html" class="doc-navigation doc-navigation-l1 doc-navigation-active">Node Graph</a><a href="resource_manager.html" class="doc-navigation doc-navigation-l1 ">Resource Manager</a><a href="resource_manager_advanced.html" class="doc-navigation doc-navigation-l1 ">Resource Manager Advanced</a><a href="simple_capture.html" class="doc-navigation doc-navigation-l1 ">Simple Capture</a><a href="simple_duplex.html" class="doc-navigation doc-navigation-l1 ">Simple Duplex</a><a href="simple_enumeration.html" class="doc-navigation doc-navigation-l1 ">Simple Enumeration</a><a href="simple_loopback.html" class="doc-navigation doc-navigation-l1 ">Simple Loopback</a><a href="simple_looping.html" class="doc-navigation doc-navigation-l1 ">Simple Looping</a><a href="simple_mixing.html" class="doc-navigation doc-navigation-l1 ">Simple Mixing</a><a href="simple_playback.html" class="doc-navigation doc-navigation-l1 ">Simple Playback</a><a href="simple_playback_sine.html" class="doc-navigation doc-navigation-l1 ">Simple Playback Sine</a><a href="../api/index.html" class="doc-navigation" style="border-bottom:none;">API Reference</a></div></td><td valign="top" style="padding:1em; border-left:solid 1px #bbb;">
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<h1>Node Graph</h1><p>
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This example shows how to use the node graph system.
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</p>
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<p>
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The node graph system can be used for doing complex mixing and effect processing. The idea is that
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you have a number of nodes that are connected to each other to form a graph. At the end of the
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graph is an endpoint which all nodes eventually connect to.
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</p>
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<p>
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A node is used to do some kind of processing on zero or more input streams and produce one or more
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output streams. Each node can have a number of inputs and outputs. Each of these is called a bus in
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miniaudio. Some nodes, particularly data source nodes, have no inputs and instead generate their
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outputs dynamically. All nodes will have at least one output or else it'll be disconnected from the
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graph and will never get processed. Each output bus of a node will be connected to an input bus of
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another node, but they don't all need to connect to the same input node. For example, a splitter
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node has 1 input bus and 2 output buses and is used to duplicate a signal. You could then branch
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off and have one output bus connected to one input node and the other connected to a different
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input node, and then have two different effects process for each of the duplicated branches.
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</p>
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<p>
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Any number of output buses can be connected to an input bus in which case the output buses will be
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mixed before processing by the input node. This is how you would achieve the mixing part of the
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node graph.
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</p>
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<p>
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This example will be using the following node graph set up:
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</p>
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<p>
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</p>
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<div style="font-family:monospace; margin:1em 0em;"><pre style="margin:0.5em 1em; padding:0; line-height:125%; overflow-x:auto;">
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>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Data flows left to right >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
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+---------------+ +-----------------+
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| Data Source 1 =----+ +----------+ +----= Low Pass Filter =----+
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+---------------+ | | =----+ +-----------------+ | +----------+
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+----= Splitter | +----= ENDPOINT |
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+---------------+ | | =----+ +-----------------+ | +----------+
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| Data Source 2 =----+ +----------+ +----= Echo / Delay =----+
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+---------------+ +-----------------+
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</pre></div><p>
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This does not represent a realistic real-world scenario, but it demonstrates how to make use of
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mixing, multiple outputs and multiple effects.
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</p>
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<p>
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The data source nodes are connected to the input of the splitter. They'll be mixed before being
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processed by the splitter. The splitter has two output buses. In the graph above, one bus will be
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routed to a low pass filter, whereas the other bus will be routed to an echo effect. Then, the
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outputs of these two effects will be connected to the input bus of the endpoint. Because both of
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the outputs are connected to the same input bus, they'll be mixed at that point.
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</p>
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<p>
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The two data sources at the start of the graph have no inputs. They'll instead generate their
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output by reading from a data source. The data source in this case will be one <span style="font-family:monospace;">ma_decoder</span> for
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each input file specified on the command line.
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</p>
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<p>
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You can also control the volume of an output bus. In this example, we set the volumes of the low
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pass and echo effects so that one of them becomes more obvious than the other.
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</p>
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<p>
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When you want to read from the graph, you simply call <span style="font-family:monospace;">ma_node_graph_read_pcm_frames()</span>.</p>
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<div style="font-family:monospace; border:solid 1px #003800; border-left:solid 0.5em #003800; margin:1em 0em; width:100%;"><pre style="margin:0.5em 1em; padding:0; line-height:125%; overflow-x:auto;">
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<span style="color:#666666">#define</span> MINIAUDIO_IMPLEMENTATION
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<span style="color:#666666">#include</span> <span style="color:#cc3300">"../miniaudio.h"</span>
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<span style="color:#009900">/* Data Format */</span>
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<span style="color:#666666">#define</span> FORMAT ma_format_f32 <span style="color:#009900">/* Must always be f32. */</span>
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<span style="color:#666666">#define</span> CHANNELS 2
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<span style="color:#666666">#define</span> SAMPLE_RATE 48000
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<span style="color:#009900">/* Effect Properties */</span>
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<span style="color:#666666">#define</span> LPF_BIAS 0.9f <span style="color:#009900">/* Higher values means more bias towards the low pass filter (the low pass filter will be more audible). Lower values means more bias towards the echo. Must be between 0 and 1. */</span>
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<span style="color:#666666">#define</span> LPF_CUTOFF_FACTOR 80 <span style="color:#009900">/* High values = more filter. */</span>
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<span style="color:#666666">#define</span> LPF_ORDER 8
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<span style="color:#666666">#define</span> DELAY_IN_SECONDS 0.2f
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<span style="color:#666666">#define</span> DECAY 0.5f <span style="color:#009900">/* Volume falloff for each echo. */</span>
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<span style="color:#0033ff">typedef</span> <span style="color:#0033ff">struct</span>
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{
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ma_data_source_node node; <span style="color:#009900">/* If you make this the first member, you can pass a pointer to this struct into any <span style="font-family:monospace;">ma_node_*</span> API and it will "Just Work". */</span>
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<span style="color:#0099cc">ma_decoder</span> decoder;
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} sound_node;
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<span style="color:#0033ff">static</span> ma_node_graph g_nodeGraph;
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<span style="color:#0033ff">static</span> ma_lpf_node g_lpfNode;
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<span style="color:#0033ff">static</span> ma_delay_node g_delayNode;
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<span style="color:#0033ff">static</span> ma_splitter_node g_splitterNode;
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<span style="color:#0033ff">static</span> sound_node* g_pSoundNodes;
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<span style="color:#0033ff">static</span> <span style="color:#0033ff">int</span> g_soundNodeCount;
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<span style="color:#0033ff">void</span> data_callback(<span style="color:#0099cc">ma_device</span>* pDevice, <span style="color:#0033ff">void</span>* pOutput, <span style="color:#0033ff">const</span> <span style="color:#0033ff">void</span>* pInput, <span style="color:#0099cc">ma_uint32</span> frameCount)
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{
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MA_ASSERT(pDevice->playback.channels == CHANNELS);
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<span style="color:#009900">/*
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Hearing the output of the node graph is as easy as reading straight into the output buffer. You just need to
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make sure you use a consistent data format or else you'll need to do your own conversion.
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*/</span>
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ma_node_graph_read_pcm_frames(&g_nodeGraph, pOutput, frameCount, NULL);
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(<span style="color:#0033ff">void</span>)pInput; <span style="color:#009900">/* Unused. */</span>
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}
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<span style="color:#0033ff">int</span> main(<span style="color:#0033ff">int</span> argc, <span style="color:#0033ff">char</span>** argv)
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{
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<span style="color:#0033ff">int</span> iarg;
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<span style="color:#0099cc">ma_result</span> result;
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<span style="color:#009900">/* We'll set up our nodes starting from the end and working our way back to the start. We'll need to set up the graph first. */</span>
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{
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ma_node_graph_config nodeGraphConfig = ma_node_graph_config_init(CHANNELS);
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result = ma_node_graph_init(&nodeGraphConfig, NULL, &g_nodeGraph);
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<span style="color:#0033ff">if</span> (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
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printf(<span style="color:#cc3300">"ERROR: Failed to initialize node graph."</span>);
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<span style="color:#0033ff">return</span> -1;
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}
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}
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<span style="color:#009900">/* Low Pass Filter. */</span>
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{
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ma_lpf_node_config lpfNodeConfig = ma_lpf_node_config_init(CHANNELS, SAMPLE_RATE, SAMPLE_RATE / LPF_CUTOFF_FACTOR, LPF_ORDER);
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result = ma_lpf_node_init(&g_nodeGraph, &lpfNodeConfig, NULL, &g_lpfNode);
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<span style="color:#0033ff">if</span> (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
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printf(<span style="color:#cc3300">"ERROR: Failed to initialize low pass filter node."</span>);
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<span style="color:#0033ff">return</span> -1;
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}
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<span style="color:#009900">/* Connect the output bus of the low pass filter node to the input bus of the endpoint. */</span>
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ma_node_attach_output_bus(&g_lpfNode, 0, ma_node_graph_get_endpoint(&g_nodeGraph), 0);
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<span style="color:#009900">/* Set the volume of the low pass filter to make it more of less impactful. */</span>
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ma_node_set_output_bus_volume(&g_lpfNode, 0, LPF_BIAS);
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}
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<span style="color:#009900">/* Echo / Delay. */</span>
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{
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ma_delay_node_config delayNodeConfig = ma_delay_node_config_init(CHANNELS, SAMPLE_RATE, (<span style="color:#0099cc">ma_uint32</span>)(SAMPLE_RATE * DELAY_IN_SECONDS), DECAY);
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result = ma_delay_node_init(&g_nodeGraph, &delayNodeConfig, NULL, &g_delayNode);
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<span style="color:#0033ff">if</span> (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
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printf(<span style="color:#cc3300">"ERROR: Failed to initialize delay node."</span>);
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<span style="color:#0033ff">return</span> -1;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
<span style="color:#009900">/* Connect the output bus of the delay node to the input bus of the endpoint. */</span>
|
|
ma_node_attach_output_bus(&g_delayNode, 0, ma_node_graph_get_endpoint(&g_nodeGraph), 0);
|
|
|
|
<span style="color:#009900">/* Set the volume of the delay filter to make it more of less impactful. */</span>
|
|
ma_node_set_output_bus_volume(&g_delayNode, 0, 1 - LPF_BIAS);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span style="color:#009900">/* Splitter. */</span>
|
|
{
|
|
ma_splitter_node_config splitterNodeConfig = ma_splitter_node_config_init(CHANNELS);
|
|
|
|
result = ma_splitter_node_init(&g_nodeGraph, &splitterNodeConfig, NULL, &g_splitterNode);
|
|
<span style="color:#0033ff">if</span> (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
|
|
printf(<span style="color:#cc3300">"ERROR: Failed to initialize splitter node."</span>);
|
|
<span style="color:#0033ff">return</span> -1;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
<span style="color:#009900">/* Connect output bus 0 to the input bus of the low pass filter node, and output bus 1 to the input bus of the delay node. */</span>
|
|
ma_node_attach_output_bus(&g_splitterNode, 0, &g_lpfNode, 0);
|
|
ma_node_attach_output_bus(&g_splitterNode, 1, &g_delayNode, 0);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span style="color:#009900">/* Data sources. Ignore any that cannot be loaded. */</span>
|
|
g_pSoundNodes = (sound_node*)ma_malloc(<span style="color:#0033ff">sizeof</span>(*g_pSoundNodes) * argc-1, NULL);
|
|
<span style="color:#0033ff">if</span> (g_pSoundNodes == NULL) {
|
|
printf(<span style="color:#cc3300">"Failed to allocate memory for sounds."</span>);
|
|
<span style="color:#0033ff">return</span> -1;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
g_soundNodeCount = 0;
|
|
<span style="color:#0033ff">for</span> (iarg = 1; iarg < argc; iarg += 1) {
|
|
<span style="color:#0099cc">ma_decoder_config</span> decoderConfig = ma_decoder_config_init(FORMAT, CHANNELS, SAMPLE_RATE);
|
|
|
|
result = ma_decoder_init_file(argv[iarg], &decoderConfig, &g_pSoundNodes[g_soundNodeCount].decoder);
|
|
<span style="color:#0033ff">if</span> (result == MA_SUCCESS) {
|
|
ma_data_source_node_config dataSourceNodeConfig = ma_data_source_node_config_init(&g_pSoundNodes[g_soundNodeCount].decoder);
|
|
|
|
result = ma_data_source_node_init(&g_nodeGraph, &dataSourceNodeConfig, NULL, &g_pSoundNodes[g_soundNodeCount].node);
|
|
<span style="color:#0033ff">if</span> (result == MA_SUCCESS) {
|
|
<span style="color:#009900">/* The data source node has been created successfully. Attach it to the splitter. */</span>
|
|
ma_node_attach_output_bus(&g_pSoundNodes[g_soundNodeCount].node, 0, &g_splitterNode, 0);
|
|
g_soundNodeCount += 1;
|
|
} <span style="color:#0033ff">else</span> {
|
|
printf(<span style="color:#cc3300">"WARNING: Failed to init data source node for sound \"%s\". Ignoring."</span>, argv[iarg]);
|
|
ma_decoder_uninit(&g_pSoundNodes[g_soundNodeCount].decoder);
|
|
}
|
|
} <span style="color:#0033ff">else</span> {
|
|
printf(<span style="color:#cc3300">"WARNING: Failed to load sound \"%s\". Ignoring."</span>, argv[iarg]);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
<span style="color:#009900">/* Everything has been initialized successfully so now we can set up a playback device so we can listen to the result. */</span>
|
|
{
|
|
<span style="color:#0099cc">ma_device_config</span> deviceConfig;
|
|
<span style="color:#0099cc">ma_device</span> device;
|
|
|
|
deviceConfig = ma_device_config_init(ma_device_type_playback);
|
|
deviceConfig.playback.format = FORMAT;
|
|
deviceConfig.playback.channels = CHANNELS;
|
|
deviceConfig.sampleRate = SAMPLE_RATE;
|
|
deviceConfig.dataCallback = data_callback;
|
|
deviceConfig.pUserData = NULL;
|
|
|
|
result = ma_device_init(NULL, &deviceConfig, &device);
|
|
<span style="color:#0033ff">if</span> (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
|
|
printf(<span style="color:#cc3300">"ERROR: Failed to initialize device."</span>);
|
|
<span style="color:#0033ff">goto</span> cleanup_graph;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
result = ma_device_start(&device);
|
|
<span style="color:#0033ff">if</span> (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
|
|
ma_device_uninit(&device);
|
|
<span style="color:#0033ff">goto</span> cleanup_graph;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
printf(<span style="color:#cc3300">"Press Enter to quit...\n"</span>);
|
|
getchar();
|
|
|
|
<span style="color:#009900">/* We're done. Clean up the device. */</span>
|
|
ma_device_uninit(&device);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
cleanup_graph:
|
|
{
|
|
<span style="color:#009900">/* It's good practice to tear down the graph from the lowest level nodes first. */</span>
|
|
<span style="color:#0033ff">int</span> iSound;
|
|
|
|
<span style="color:#009900">/* Sounds. */</span>
|
|
<span style="color:#0033ff">for</span> (iSound = 0; iSound < g_soundNodeCount; iSound += 1) {
|
|
ma_data_source_node_uninit(&g_pSoundNodes[iSound].node, NULL);
|
|
ma_decoder_uninit(&g_pSoundNodes[iSound].decoder);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
<span style="color:#009900">/* Splitter. */</span>
|
|
ma_splitter_node_uninit(&g_splitterNode, NULL);
|
|
|
|
<span style="color:#009900">/* Echo / Delay */</span>
|
|
ma_delay_node_uninit(&g_delayNode, NULL);
|
|
|
|
<span style="color:#009900">/* Low Pass Filter */</span>
|
|
ma_lpf_node_uninit(&g_lpfNode, NULL);
|
|
|
|
<span style="color:#009900">/* Node Graph */</span>
|
|
ma_node_graph_uninit(&g_nodeGraph, NULL);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
<span style="color:#0033ff">return</span> 0;
|
|
}
|
|
</pre></div></td>
|
|
</tr></table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<table style="margin:0 auto; padding:1em 0px; text-align:center;">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="vertical-align:center;"><a style="padding:0;" href="https://www.reddit.com/r/miniaudio"><img src="../../img/reddit_white.svg" style="margin:0; padding:0; height:40px; width:40px;"></a></td>
|
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<td style="vertical-align:center;"><a style="padding:0;" href="https://discord.gg/9vpqbjU"><img src="../../img/Discord-Logo-White.svg" style="padding:0; height:32px; width:32px;"></a></td>
|
|
<td style="vertical-align:center;"><a style="padding:0;" href="https://twitter.com/mackron"><img src="../../img/twitter_white.png" style="padding:0; height:32px; width:32px;"></a></td>
|
|
<td style="vertical-align:center;"><a style="padding:0;" href="https://github.com/mackron/miniaudio"><img src="../../img/github_white.png" style="padding:0; height:24px; width:24px;"></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
<div style="color:#e0d7cf; font-size:9pt; padding:2em 0px; text-align:center;">
|
|
Copyright © 2022 David Reid<br/>
|
|
Developed by David Reid - <a class="footer-link" href="mailto:mackron@gmail.com">mackron@gmail.com</a>
|
|
</div>
|
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|
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